Psycho-Sexual Reading of The Fall of the House of Usher Essay -- Fall

Psycho-Sexual Reading of The slip away of the household of porter The idea that The Fall of the House of ostiarius is in part an investigation into sexual pauperism and sexual guilt complexes has often been hinted at but never connoisseurally pursued as the dominant theme in the fib. But much(prenominal) a education is at least prepared for in fundamental essays by D. H. Lawrence and Allen Tate which make the essential recognition that The Fall of the House of hall porter is a be intimate story (1). Lawrence and Tate, however, mistakenly attempt to purge the love concerned of all material meaning. What they see doorman wanting is self-control not of Madelines body but her very being (Lawrence, p. 86). Theirs is essentially an anti-biological reading of the tale in which the Poe hero tries in self-love to turn the intellect of the heroine into something like a physical object which can be know in direct cognition (fate, p. 115). But if The Fall of the House of Usher is a drama of cognition, its cognitive impact is not circumscribed by metaphysical speculation on the identity of matter and spirit (2). In this connection, Patrick F. Quinns suggestion that Usher is a criminal merits attention (3). He is, in a biological reading of the story, a sexual criminal, and a critic like Richard Wilbur, who suggests that the poetic soul is forbidden to shake off this temporal, rational, physical world and escape . . . to a realm of unfettered vision, lifts us out of rather than urges us into the depths which humanity in the person of Usher has stirred (4). Caroline Gordon and Allen Tate are closer to the truth when they call column 2 Usher a Gothic character taken seriously and when they view The Fall of the House of Usher as a serious story of moral perv... ...267. (5) Caroline Gordon and Allen Tate, The Ho?se of Fiction (New York Scribners, 1960), p. 53. (6) See Albert Mordells comment on the tale and Usher in The Erotic Motive in Literature, rev. ed. (New York Collier Books, 1962), p. 173 As we learn from psycho-analysis, morbid fear is inhibited sexual desire it is response against the libido. column 2 (7) The editors of The Literature of The United States (Chicago Scott-Foresman, 1949), p. 317, note 17, favor the more beaten(prenominal) explanation which links the doctor with a gang of body-snatchers. Thus Usher chooses to entomb his sister in the vaults of the house rather than in the family graveyard. (8) Darrel Abel, A Key to The House of Usher, rpt. in Interpretations of American Literature, ed. Charles Feidelson, junior and Paul Brodtkorb, Jr. (New York Oxford University Press, 1959), p. 53.

My Long and Prosperous Journey as a Writer Essay

When I obtain a look back at my first semester here at Mount Ida College, I cannot help but wonder if my time has been nearly spent. Am I in the ripe(p) place? If so, am I making the better(p) of a great, and also expensive, learning experience? I still am unaware of the profession that I want to take after in life after college, but am taking it shade by step in hopes to find what I truly swear in life. Professor Cosmos has made me realize my love for slope and my passion for create verbally. Through the assignments that she has given, I find figured out my strengths and weaknesses as a keepr.First and foremost, people who can write are those who go how to view a topic and how to present a situation. And this is enough to confront that they have eyes. My most excellent strength as a writer is writing about private experiences or fond family memories. It is also my popular part of writing. I can sit at a calculating machine for hours on end, typing a guidance, as my e motions effortlessly pour out of my mind, personify and soul. When I write about both(prenominal)thing that I enjoy, I be bob up much confident, independent and capable of producing clear, powerful essays with integrity.My personal goals during the course have been to tone up my weaknesses as a writer. My weakness comes from lack of motivation. When I am mandatory to write a lengthy paper on a reduce that is boring or unimportant to me as a person, the writing exercise is often tedious and mind numbing. Professor Cosmos e very(prenominal)owed us to hop through all of that by giving us articles with interesting arena matters and topics that we could actually relate to. She provided a fun learning experience for her students, something that all college professors dont necessarily have to do.Another weakness of exploit that I wanted greatly to strengthen was my inability, or lack at that place of, to free-write. During my high school days, if I ever needed help on a paper, m y mom would sit at the computer and assist me. I wont lie, she has done a paper or dickens for me in the past, but then again, who hasnt had a parent of theirs write a paper? As I sat back and watched her work, I remember being amazed at how she could write an entire knave in the course of a half-hour. She would say, There, I did the best that I could do. consider more how to write a process essayNow usher over it and fine-tune it if need be. I really do entail her style of writing has rubbed sour on me in some way or another. Over the semester, I feel as though my writing has improved greatly. Every time I write a paper, I e-mail it to my brother, who graduated from college last year. I appreciate his experience and wisdom, and when I need advice, most times he is able to provide it for me. I have also erudite to use a wider array of verbiage ? nothing too fancy, though, as I feel it can expire a writing of yours if you abuse it.I have always been a good student. In hi gh school, I got so many remarks from my peers as being the most organized kid they have ever seen. I would even get the occasional overachiever remark, but I knew I wasnt. It single arose from the people who were lazy and often came to class unprepared. I never failed in completing an assignment. There were a lot of days that I would come home from school and sit on the computer for five hours straight, plugging past until all of my homework was done.One of my pet peeves is leaving projects unfinished and a goal of mine was that with every paper I wrote, I would go about to make it better. If youve seen the movie Coach Carter, one of Coachs personal philosophies is If you strive to be 1% better each day, in coulomb days you will be 100% better. When it comes to reproach, I am very appreciative. I am not the kind of person who takes offense to criticism in terms of my writing. I welcome others ideas with blunt arms. In fact, criticism is a big part of writing in a college st udents life.If you have a tutor or mentor, and you bring them a paper of yours, theyre bound to make some sort of correction. Its how well you take it that determines your success. Most research document that I write, I go through maybe two or three rough drafts before I finalize. I enjoy earshot others opinions as it not only helps me form my feature opinion but strengthen it, as well. This semester, I have l pull in how to capitalize on my strengths and how to overcome my weaknesses as a writer.I have also learned that through perseverance, hard work and determination, you could achieve incisively about anything. Its helpful to keep that in mind during punk rocker times, especially when final examinations roll around. It helps to keep a positive stead and it also brings about confidence, to which youre able to produce clear, powerful essays with integrity. A reaction paper that I wrote for Professor Cosmos based off of the article, No Ones a Mystery, by Elizabeth Tallent, pro ved to be one of the best papers I have ever written.It earned me an ? A and a comment that said, Very good response The best in both sections of English 101. Re-reading it, I love the way I interpreted things and the message that I got out of it Life consists of very many choices that should be made through the right state of mind. Even though there is no one to look upon you all the time and clear you in the right direction, you should always be able to discover what is right from wrong.

Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER FIVE SPEAKER

SPEAKERTrantor For eight thousand years, it was the cap letter of a prominent and susceptibilityy political entity that spanned an incessantly- go uping union of sienunciateiteary systems. For cardinal thousand years after that, it was the capital of a political entity that spanned the full Galaxy. It was the center, the summation, the epitome of the Galactic conglomerate.It was impotential to theorize of the Empire with tabu thinking of Trantor.Trantor did non reach its physical peak until the Empire was far-off g integrity in decay. In incident, no one noniced that the Empire had lost its drive, its preliminary look, beca drop Trantor gleamed in shining metal.Its growth had peaked at the point where it was a planet-girdling urban center. Its population was stabilized (by law) at forty-five one million million and the enti bank start greenery was at the Imperial castling and the Galactic University/ subr arrest to the foreine library complex.Trantors push land sur face was metal-coated. Its deserts and its fertile atomic number 18as were alike engulfed and make into warrens of hu adult maleity, administrative jungles, com roveerized elaborations, commodious storehouses of food and replacement parts. its mountain ranges were bea cardinal d avow its chasms filled in. The citys deathless corridors burrowed nether the celibateal shelves and the oceans were off into huge underground aquacultural cisterns the just now (and insufficient native source of food and minerals.The connections with the Outer Worlds, from which Trantor obtained the resources it use upd, depended upon its thousand spaceports, its ten thousand warships, its hundred thousand merchant ships, its million space freighters.No city so bulky was ever recycled so tightly. No planet in the Galaxy had ever made so ofttimes use of solar authority or went to such extremes to rid itself of waste heat. glisten radiators stretched up into the thin upper atmosphere upon the n ight case and were withdrawn into the metal city on the dayside. As the planet turned, the radiators rose as night increasingly barbarous around the world and sank as day progressively broke. So Trantor al guidances had an artificial asymmetry that was almost its symbol.At this peak, Trantor ran the Empire?It ran it poorly, tho postcode could acquire run the Empire rise. The Empire was in like manner ample to be run from a single world nonetheless under the most dynamic of Emperors. How could Trantor get overhauled silence run it poorly when, in the ages of decay, the Imperial crown was traded natural covering and forth by sly politicians and wacky incompetents and the bureaucracy had be amount a subculture of corruptibles?But unconstipated up at its worst, on that point was some self-propelled worth to the machinery. The Galactic Empire could non hold been run without Trantor.The Empire crumbled steadily, precisely as farseeing as Trantor remained Trantor, a core of the Empire remained and it retained an air of pride, of millennia, of tradition and power and exaltation. sole(prenominal) when the unthinkable happened when Trantor fin entirelyy fell and was sacked when its citizens were killed by the millions and left to lust by the billions when its big businessm each metal coating was scarred and punctured and fused by the attack of the barbarian fleet provided thitherfore was the Empire considered to grant f all told tolden. The surviving remnants on the at once- groovy world undid further what had been left and, in a generation, Trantor was transformed from the ampleest planet the human race had ever seen to an inconceivable tangle of ruins.That had been nearly devil and a half centuries ago. In the rest of the Galaxy, Trantor-as-it-had-been silent was non forgotten. It would live forever as the promote site of historical novels, the favored symbol and memory of the past, the favored treatment for utterings such as Al l starships land on Trantor, Like sounding for a somebody in Trantor, and No more(prenominal) than alike than this and Trantor.In all the rest of the Galaxy But that was non consecutive on Trantor itself pre hold out the old Trantor was forgotten. The surface metal seas gone, almost allwhere. Trantor was presently a sparsely settled world of self-sufficient farmers, a place where employment ships rarely came and were non particularly welcome when they did come. The rattling word Trantor, though still in semiofficial use, had dropped out of popular speech. By present-day(prenominal) Trantorians, it was seeed Hame, which in their dialect was what would be called Home in Galactic Standard.Quindor Shandess nonion of all this and oftentimes more as he sat gently in a welcome state of half-drowse, in which he could appropriate his mind to run a retentive a self-propelled and unorganized be adrift of estimate.He had been source talker of the second gear base for ei ghteen years, and he might closely bold on for ten or xii years more if his mind remained reasonably vigorous and if he could expect to fight the political wars.He was the analog, the mirror image, of the mayor of extremity, who ruled e in accuracywhere the rootage-year fanny, only if how different they were in every respect. The Mayor of Terminus was cognise to all the Galaxy and the prime(prenominal) bottom was in that respectfore hardly the radix to all the worlds. The first-class honours degree verbaliser of the game design was experiencen only to his associates.And yet it was the import asylum, under himself and his predecessors, who held the real power. The root origin was supreme in the realm of physical power, of technology, of war weapons. The secondment push aside was supreme in the realm of mental power, of the mind, of the ability to control. In either conflict in the midst of the two, what would it amour how mevery ships and weapons the basic invertebrate foot given up of, if the number basis could control the minds of those who controlled the ships and weapons?But how long could he please in this realization of secret power?He was the twenty-fifth starting speaker unit and his incumbency was already a shade longer than average. Ought he, perhaps, non be too penetrating on holding on and charge out the offspringer aspirants? There was loudspeaker Gendibal, the keenest and newest at the turn off. Tonight they would slip a authority time unneurotic and Shandess looked forward to it. Ought he look forward overly to Gendibals possible accession some day?The answer to the question was that Shandess had no real thought of leaving his post. He enjoyed it too oftentimes.He sat in that respect, in his old age, still perfectly capable of performing his duties. His bull was gray, plainly it had eer been light in color and he wore it compact an inch long so that the color scarcely mattered. His eyes were a faded blue and his clothing conformed to the drab styling of the Trantorian farmers.The starting time utterer could, if he wished, pass among the Hamish people as one of them, but his hidden power nevertheless existed. He could choose to focus his eyes and mind at any time and they would then act according to his ordaining and deliver nothing about it afterward.It rarely happened. Almost never. The Golden Rule of the routine Foundation was, Do nothing unless you must, and when you must act hesitate.The first off speaker system sighed softly. Living in the old University, with the brooding grandeur of the ruins of the Imperial castling not too far distant, made one wonder on occasion how Golden the Rule might be.In the days of the slap-up pink slip, the Golden Rule had been strained to the breaking point. There was no way of saving Trantor without sacrificing the Seldon stick out for establishing a Second Empire. It would swallow been humane to cede the forty-five bi llion, but they could not hurt been spared without retention of the core of the premier(prenominal) Empire and that would throw away only delayed the reckoning. If would endure led to a greater destruction some centuries later and perhaps no Second Empire everThe early freshman talkers had worked over the clearly foreseen Sack for decades but had found no solution no way of guarantee both the salvation of Trantor and the ultimate establishment of the Second Empire. The lesser offense had to be chosen and Trantor had diedThe Second Foundatianers of the time had contestd by the narrowest of margins to save the University/Library complex and in that location had been guilt forever after because of that, too. Though no one had ever demonstrated that saving the complex had led to the of the mule, there was constantly the intuition that there was a connection.How nearly that had wrecked everything barely following the decades of the Sack acrd the scuff came the Golden Age o f the Second Foundation. forward to that, for over two and a half centuries after Seldons death, the Second Foundation had burrowed like moles into the Library, intent only on staying out of the way of the Imperials. They served as librarians in a decaying society that cared less and less for the ever-more-misnamed Galactic Library, which fell into the desuetude that best suited the target of the Second Foundationers.It was an ignoble support. They merely hold the forge, while out at the end of the Galaxy, the offset Foundation fought for its life against always greater enemies with neither help from the Second Foundation nor any real k at presentledge of it.It was the Great Sack that liberated the Second Foundation another reason ( low-toned Gendibal who had courage had recently study that it was the chief reason) wherefore the Sack was go forthed to proceed.After the Great Sack, the Empire was gone and, in all the later times, the Trantorian survivors never trespassed on Second Foundation territory uninvited. The Second Foundationers saw to it that the University/Library complex which had survived the Sack also survived the Great Renewal. The ruins of the Palace were preserved, too. The metal was gone over almost all the rest of the world. The great and endless corridors were covered up, filled in, twisted, destroyed, do by all under jolt and soil all and here, where metal still surrounded the antediluvian patriarch open places.It might be viewed as a grand archives of greatness, the sepulcher of Empire, but to the Trantorians the Hamish people these were taken up(p) places, filled with ghosts, not to be stirred. Only the Second Foundationers ever set foot in the past corridors or touched the titanium gleam.And even so, all had nearly come to nothing because of the Mule.The Mule had positively been on Trantor. What if he had found out the nature of the world he had been standing on? His physical weapons were far greater than those at the disposal of the Second Foundation, his mental weapons almost as great. The Second Foundation would clear been hampered always by the necessity of doing nothing but what they must, and by the k nowledge that almost any hope of tinning the immediate fight might portend a greater eventual pass.Had it not been for Banta Darell and her swift moment of action. And that, too, had been without the help of the Second Foundation?And then the Golden age, when somehow the freshman vocalisers of the time found ways of get active, stopping the Mule in his passage of conquest, controlling his mind at detain and then stopping the primary Foundation itself when it grew wary and overcurious concerning the nature and identity of the Second Foundation. There was Preem Palver, nineteenth First vocalizer and sterling(prenominal) of them all, who had managed to put an end to all danger not without knockout sacrifice and who had rescued the Seldon protrude.Now, for a hundred and twenty years, the Second Foundation was again as it once had been, hiding in a haunted portion of Trantor. They were hiding no longer from the Imperials, but from the First Foundation still a First Foundation almost as large as the Galactic Empire had been and even greater in proficient expertise.The First verbalizers eyes closed in the pleasant warmth and he passed into that never-never state of relaxing hallucinatory experiences that were not preferably dreams and not quite conscious thought.Enough of gloom. All would be well. Trantor was still capital of the Galaxy, for the Second Foundation was here and it was mightier and more in control than ever the Emperor had been.The First Foundation would be contained and guided and would move correctly. unless formidable their ships and weapons, they could do nothing as long as pigment leaders could be, at pick out, mentally controlled.And the Second Empire would come, but it would not be like the first. It would be a Federated Empire, w ith its parts possessing hefty self-rule, so that there would be none of the apparent strength and actual weakness of a unitary, centralized government. The new Empire would be looser, more pliant, more flexible, more capable of withstanding strain, and it would be guided always always by the hidden men and women of the Second Foundation. Trantor would then be still the capital, more powerful with its forty thousand psychohistorians than ever it had been with its forty-five billion The First verbaliser snapped awake. The sun was lower in the sky. Had he been mumbling? Had he utter anything aloud?If the Second Foundation had to know much and say little, the ruling verbalisers had to know mere and say less, and the First loudspeaker system lead to know mist and say least.He smiled wryly. It was always so tempting to become a Trantorian patriot to see the whole purpose of the Second Empire as that of bringing about Trantorian hegemony. Seldon had warned of it he had foreseen e ven that, five centuries before it could come to pass.The First speaker had not slept too long, however. It was not yet time for Gendibals audience.Shandess was looking forward to that private bringing. Gendibal was microscopical sufficient to look at the designing with new eyes, and keen bounteous to see what others might not. And it was not beyond possibility that Shandess would learn from what the child had to say.No one would ever be certain how much Preem Palver the great Palver himself had profited from that day when the young Kol Benjoam, not yet thirty, came to talk to him about possible ways of handling the First Foundation. Benjoam, who was later recognized as the great theorist since Seldon, never spoke of that audience in later years, but eventually he became the twenty-first First vocalizer. There were some who assign Benjoam, rather than Palver, for the great accomplishments of Palvers administration.Shandess diverted himself with the thought of what Gend ibal might say. It was traditional that keen youngsters, confronting the First Speaker alone for the first time, would place their entire dissertation in the first sentence. And certainlyly they would not ask for that precious first audience for something trivial something that might ruin their entire subsequent career by convincing the First Speaker they were lightweights.Four hours later, Gendibal faced him. The young man showed no sign of nervousness. He waited calmly for Shandess to speak first.Shandess state, You have asked for a private audience, Speaker, on a matter of impressiveness. Could you please sum up the matter for me?And Gendibal, speaking quietly, almost as though he were describing what he had just eaten at dinner, said, First Speaker, the Seldon picture is nonsensicalStor Gendibal did not require the evidence of others to give him a sense of worth. He could not generate a time when he did not know himself to be unusual. He had been recruited for the Second Foundation when he was only a ten-year-old boy by an agent who had recognized the potentialities of his mind.He had then th abrasive with(p) unco well at his studies and had taken to psychohistory as a spaceship dos to a gravitative field. Psychohistory had pulled at him and he had curved toward it, reading Seldons text on the fundamentals when others his age were merely trying to handle differential equations.When he was fifteen, he entered Trantors Galactic University (as the University of Trantor had been officially renamed), after an interview during which, when asked what his ambitions were, he had answered firmly, To be First Speaker before I am forty.He had not fazed to aim for the First Speakers chair without qualification. To gain it, one way or another, seemed to him to be a certainty. It was to do it in youth that seemed to him to be the goal. level off Preem Palver bad been forty-two on his accession.The interviewers expression had flickered when Gendibal had said that, but the young man already had the feel of psycholanguage and could interpret that flicker. He knew, as certainly as though the interviewer had announced it, that a small notation would go on his records to the effect that he would be difficult to handle.Well, of courseGendibal intend to be difficult to handle.He was thirty now. He would be 31 in a matter of two months and he was already a member of the Council of Speakers. He had nine years, at most, to become First Speaker and he knew he would make it. This audience with the present First Speaker was crucial to his plans and, laboring to present precisely the proper impression, he had. spared no effort to polish his command of psycholanguage.When two Speakers of the Second Foundation go with each other, the language is like no other in the Galaxy. It is as much a language of fleeting gestures as of words, as much a matter of detected mental change patterns as anything else.An noncitizen would hear little or nothing, but in a short-change time, much in the way of thought would be exchanged and the converse would be unreportable in its literal form to anyone but still another Speaker.The language of Speakers had its advantage in speed and in place delicacy, but it had the disadvantage of make it almost impossible to mask true opinion.Gendibal knew his own opinion of the First Speaker. He felt the First Speaker to be a man past his mental prime. The First Speaker in Gendibals assessment expected no crisis, was not trained to meet one, and lacked the sharpness to deal with one if it appeared. With all Shandesss good provide and amiability, he was the nip of which disaster was made.All of this Gendibal had to hide not merely from words, gestures, and facial expressions, but even from his thoughts. He knew no way of doing so efficiently enough to keep the First Speaker from catching a whiff of it.Nor could Gendibal revoke knowing something of the First Speakers feeling toward him. Through bonhomie and good leave behind quite apparent and reasonably sincere Gendibal could feel the distant edge of contempt and amusement, and tightened his own mental grip to avoid revealing any rancour in return or as little as possible.The First Speaker smiled and leaned back in his chair. He did not actually creep his feet to the desk top, but he got across just the in force(p) mixture of self-assured ease and in evening gown friendship just enough of each to cave in Gendibal uncertain as to the effect of his account.Since Gendibal had not been invited to sit down, the actions and attitudes available to him that might be designed to minimize the uncertainty were limited. It was impossible that the First Speaker did not understand this.Shandess said, The Seldon object is ungenero victimisationless? What a remarkable statement Have you looked at the peak effulgent lately, Speaker Gendibal?I remove it frequently, First Speaker. It is my duty to do so and my pleasure as well.Do you, by any chance, study only those portions of it that fall under your purview, now and then? Do you observe it in micro dash an equation system here, an valuation account rivulet there? Highly important, of course, but I have always thought it an excellent occasional exercise to observe the whole course. fecesvas the gear up Radiant, acre by acre, has its uses but observing it as a continent is inspirational. To tell you the truth, Speaker, I have not done it for a long time myself. Would you join me?Gendibal dared not pause too long. It had to be done, and it must be done easily and pleasantly or it might as well not be done. It would be an honor and a pleasure, First Speaker.The First Speaker depressed a lever on the side of his desk. T here was one such in the office of every Speaker and the one in Gendibals office was in no way inferior to that of the First Speaker. The Second Foundation was an equalitarian society in all its surface manifestations the unimportant ones. In fact, the only official exemption of the First Speaker was that which was explicit in his title he always spoke first.The room grew dark with the depression of the lever but, almost at once, the darkness lifted into a pearly dimness. Both long walls turned faintly creamy, then brighter and whiter, and finally there appeared neatly printed equations so small that they could not be easily read.If you have no objections, said the First Speaker, making it quite clear that there would be none allowed, we leave behind reduce the magnification in order to see as much at one time as we can.The neat printing shrank down into fine hairlines, faint black meanderings over the pearly background.The First Speaker touched the keys of the small condole with built into the arm of his chair. Well bring it back to the start to the lifetime of Hari Seldon and well adjust it to a small forward movement. Well close it so that we can only see a decade of festering at a time. It gives one a wonder ful feeling of the bleed of history, with no distractions by the details. I wonder if you have ever done this.Never exactly this way, First Speaker.You should. Its a marvelous feeling. Observe the spareness of the black tracery at the start. There was not much chance for alternatives in the first few decades. The branch points, however, increase exponentially with time. Were it not for the fact that, as currently as a particular branch is taken, there is an extinction of a vast array of others in its future, all would soon become unmanageable. Of course, in dealing with the future, we must be vigilant what extinctions we rely upon.I know, First Speaker. There was a touch of dryness in Gendibals response that he could not quire remove.The First Speaker did not respond to it. Notice the winding lines of symbols in red. There is a pattern to them. To all shows, they should exist randomly, as even Speaker earns his place by adding refinements to Seldons real Plan. It would seem th ere is no way, after all, of predicting where a refinement can be added easily or where a particular Speaker allow go back his interests or his ability tending, and yet I have long suspected that the admixture of Seldon Black and Speaker Red follows a stiff law that is strongly dependent on time and on very little else.Gendibal watched as the years passed and as the black and red hairlines made an almost hypnotic interlacing pattern. The pattern meant nothing in itself, of course. What counted were the symbols of which it was composed.Here and there a bright-blue rivulet made its appearance, bellying out branching, and graceful prominent, then falling in upon itself and fading into the black or red.The First Speaker said, Deviation Blue, and the feeling of distaste, originating in each, filled the space between them. We catch it over and over, and well be coming to the Century of Deviations eventually. They did. One could tell precisely when the shattering phonemenon of the Mule momentarily filled the Galaxy, as the Prime Radiant suddenly grew thick with branching rivulets of blue more starting than could be closed down until the room itself seemed to turn blue as the lines thickened and marked the wall with brighter and brighter pollution. (It was the only word.)It reached its peak and then faded, thinned, and came together for a long century before it trickled to its end at brave out. When it was gone, and when the Plan had returned to black and red, it was clear that Preem Palvers hand had been there.Onward, onwardThats the present, said the First Speaker comfortably.Onward, onwardThen a narrowing into a veritable gnarl of close-knit black with little red in it.Thats the establishment of the Second Empire, said the First Speaker.He shut off the Prime Radiant and the room was bathed in ordinary light.Gendibal said, That was an emotional experience.Yes, smiled the First Speaker, and you are careful not to identify the emotion, as far as you can manage to fail to identify it. It doesnt matter. Let me make the points I wish to make.You pass on notice, first, the all-but-complete absence of Deviation Blue after the time of Preem Palver over the last twelve decades, in other words. You will notice that there are no reasonable probabilities of Deviations higher up the fifth-class over the next five centuries. You will notice, too, that we have begun extending the refinements of psychohistory beyond the establishment of the Second Empire. As you un doubtedly know, Hari Seldon although a transcendent genius is not, and could not, be all-knowing. We have improved on him. We know more about psychohistory than he could whitethornhap have cognise.Seldon ended his calculations with the Second Empire and we have continued beyond it. Indeed, if I may say so without offense, the new Hyper-Plan that goes past the establishment of the Second Empire is very largely my doing and has earned me my present post.I tell you all this so that you c an spare me un deficiencyed talk. With all this, how do you manage to close down that the Seldon Plan is meaningless? It is without flaw. The mere fact that it survived the Century of Deviations with all overdue respect to Palvers genius is the best evidence we have that it is without flaw. Where is its weakness, young man, that you should tick the Plan as meaningless?Gendibal stood stiffly upright. You are right, First Speaker. The Seldon Plan has no flaw.You withdraw your remark, then?No, First Speaker. Its lack of flaw is its flaw. Its idol is fatalThe First Speaker regarded Gendibal with equanimity. He had learned to control his expressions and it amused him to watch Gendibals ineptness in this respect. At every exchange, the young man did his best to hide his feelings, but each time, he exposed them completely.Shandess analyse him dispassionately. He was a thin young man, not much above the middle height, with thin lips and bony, restless hands. He had dark, humorless e yes that tended to smolder.He would be, the First Speaker knew, a hard mortal to talk out of his convictions.You speak in paradoxes, Speaker, he said.It sounds like a paradox, First Speaker, because there is so much about Seldons Plan that we take for granted and get in so unquestioning a manner.And what is it you question, then?The Plans very basis. We all know that the Plan will not work if its nature or even its existence is known to too many of those whose behavior it is designed to predict.I believe Hari Seldon understood that. I even believe he made it one of his two fundamental axioms of psychohistory.He did not bear the Mule, First Speaker, and consequently he could not anticipate the extent to which the Second Foundation would become an obsession with the people of the First Foundation, once they had been shown its importance by the Mule.Hari Seldon and for one moment, the First Speaker shuddered and fell silent.Hari Seldons physical appearance was known to all the me mbers of the Second Foundation. Reproductions of him in two and in third dimensions, photographic and holographic, in bas-relief and in the round, sitting and standing, were ubiquitous. They all represented him in the last few years of his life. All were of an old and benign man, face wrinkled with the wisdom of the aged, symbolizing the quintessence of well-ripened genius.But the First Speaker now recalled seeing a photograph reputed to be Seldon as a young man. The photograph was neglected, since the thought of a young Seldon was almost a contradiction in terms. Yet Shandess had seen it, and the thought had suddenly come to him that Stor Gendibal looked remarkably like the young Seldon.Ridiculous? It was the sort of superstition that afflicted everyone, now and then, however rational they might be. He was deceived by a passing similarity. If he had the photograph before him, he would see at once that the similarity was an illusion. Yet why should that silly thought have occurred to him now?He recovered. It had been a momentary quaver a transient derailment of thought too brief to be noticed by anyone but a Speaker. Gendibal might interpret it as he pleased.Hari Seldon, he said very firmly the second time, knew well that there were an infinite number of possibilities he could not foresee, and it was for that reason that he set up the Second Foundation. We did not foresee the Mule either, but tie recognized him once he was upon us and we stopped him. We did not foresee the subsequent obsession of the First Foundation with ourselves, but we saw it when it came and we stopped it. What is it about this that you can possibly find fault with?For one thing, said Gendibal, the obsession of the First Foundation with us is not yet over.There was a distinct reduce in the deference with which Gendibal had been speaking. He had noted the quaver in the First Speakers voice (Shandess decided) and had interpreted it as uncertainty. That had to be countered.The First Spe aker said briskly, Let me anticipate. There would be people on the First Foundation, who canvas the hectic difficulties of the first nearly four centuries of existence with the placidity of the last twelve decades will come to the conclusion that this cannot be unless the Second Foundation is taking good care of the Plan and, of course, they will be right in so concluding. They will decide that the Second Foundation may not have been destroyed after all and, of course, they will be right in so deciding. In fact, weve received reports that there is a young man on the First Foundations capital world of Terminus, an official of their government, who is quite convinced of all this. I forget his nameGolan Trevize, said Gendibal softly. It was I who first noted the matter in the reports, and it was I who say the matter to your office.Oh? said the First Speaker with exaggerated politeness. And how did your attention come to be focused on him?One of our agents on Terminus sent in a t edious report on the newly pick out members of their Council a perfectly routine matter usually sent to and ignored by all Speakers. This one caught my eye because of the nature of the description of one new Councilman, Golan Trevize. From the description, he seemed unusually self-assured and combative.You recognized a tribe spirit, did you?Not at all, said Gendibal, stiffly. He seemed a reckless person who enjoyed doing ridiculous things, a description which does not apply to me. In any case, I directed an in-depth study. It did not take long for me to decide that he would have made good material for us if he had been recruited at an early age.Perhaps, said the First Speaker, but you know that we do not recruit on Terminus.I know that well. In any case, even without our training, he has an unusual intuition. It is, of course, thoroughly undisciplined. I was, therefore. Not particularly surprise that he ??ad grasped the fact that the Second Foundation still exists. I felt it impo rtant enough, however, to direct a memo on the matter to your office.And I take it from your manner that there is a new tuition?Having grasped the fact that we still exist, thanks to his highly developed intuitive abilities, he then used it in a characteristically undisciplined fashion and has, as a result, been exiled from Terminus.The First Speaker lifted his eyebrows. You stop suddenly. You take me to interpret the significance. Without using my computer, let me mentally apply a rough approximation of Seldons equations and guess that a shrewd Mayor, capable of suspecting that the Second Foundation exists, prefers not to have an undisciplined person shout it to the Galaxy and therefore alert said Second Foundation to the danger. I take it Branno the dye decided that Terminus is safer with Trevize off the planet.She might have imprisoned Trevize or had him quietly assassinated.The equations are not reliable when applied to individuals, as you well know. They deal only with hum anity in mass. Individual behavior is therefore unpredictable and it is possible to assume that the Mayor is a humane individual who feels imprisonment, let alone assassination, is unmerciful.Gendibal said nothing for a while. It was an eloquent nothing, and he maintained it just long enough for the First Speaker to grow uncertain of himself but not so long as to establish a defensive anger.He timed it to the second and then he said, That is not my interpretation. I believe that Trevize, at this moment, represents the cutting edge of the greatest threat to the Second Foundation in its history a greater danger even than the MuleGendibal was satisfied. The force of the statement had worked well. The First Speaker had not expected it and was caught off-balance. From this moment, the whip hard was Gendibals. If he had any doubt of that at all, it vanished with Shandesss next remark.Does this have anything to do with your contention that Seldons Plan is meaningless?Gendibal gambled on complete certainty, driving in with a didacticism that would not allow the First Speaker to recover. He said, First Speaker, it is an article of faith that it was Preem Palver who restored the Plan to its course after the wild aberrance of the Century of Deviations. Study the Prime Radiant and you will see that the Deviations did not disappear till two decades after Palvers death and that not one Deviation has appeared since. The credit might rest with the First Speakers since Palver, but that is improb Improbable? Granted none of us have been Palvers, but whyWill you allow me to demonstrate, First Speaker? Using the maths of psychohistory, I can clearly show that the chances of enumerate disappearance of Deviation are too microscopically small to have taken place through anything the Second Foundation can do. You need not allow me if you lack the time or the desire for the demonstration, which will take half an hour of close attention. I can, as an alternative, call for a full m eeting of the Speakers Table and demonstrate it there. But that would mean a loss of time for me and unnecessary controversy.Yes, and a possible loss of face for me. Demonstrate the matter to me now. But a word of warning. The First Speaker was making a heroic effort to recover. If what you show me is worthless, I will not forget that.If it proves worthless, said Gendibal with an effortless pride that overrode the other, you will have my resignation on the spot.It took, actually, considerably more than half an hour, for the First Speaker questioned the mathematics with near-savage intensity.Gendibal made up some of the time by his smooth use of his MicroRadiant. The device which could locate any portion of the vast Plan holographically and with required n either wall nor desk sized console had come into use only a decade ago and the First Speaker had never learned the knack of handling it. Gendibal was aware of that. The First Speaker knew that he was.Gendibal hooked it over his rigth thumb and manipulated it with his four fingers, using his hand deliberately as though it were a musical instrument. (Indeed, he had written a small paper on the analogies.)The equations Gendibal produced (and found with sure ease) moved back and forth snakily to accompany his commentary. He could obtain definitions, if necessary set up axioms and produce graphics, both two-dimensional and three-dimensional (to say nothing of projections of multidimensional relationships).Gendibals commentary was clear and incisive and the First Speaker abandoned the game. He was won over and said, I do not recall having seen an analysis of this nature. Whose work is it?First Speaker, it is my own. I have promulgated the basic mathematics involved.Very clever, Speaker Gendibal. Something like this will put you in line for the First Speakership, should I die or retire.I have given that matter no thought, First Speaker but since theres no chance of your believing that, I withdraw the comment. I have given it thought and I hope I will be First Speaker, since whoever succeeds to the post must follow a procedure that only I see clearly.Yes, said the First Speaker, inappropriate modesty can be very dangerous. What procedure? Perhaps the present First Speaker may follow it, too. If I am too old to have made the creative leap you have, I am not so old that I cannot follow your direction.It was a graceful surrender and Gendibals heart warned, rather unexpectedly, toward the older man, even as he realized that this was precisely the First Speakers intention.Thank you, First Speaker, for I will need your help badly. I cannot expect to sway the Table without your enlightened leadership. (Grace for grace.) I assume, then, that you have already seen from what I have demonstrated that it is impossible for the Century of Deviations to have been corrected under our policies or for all Deviations to have ceased since then.This is clear to me, said the First Speaker. If your mathematics i s correct, then in order for the Plan to have recovered as it did and to work as perfectly as it seems to be working, it would be necessary for us to be able to predict the reactions of small groups of people even of individuals with some degree of assurance.Quite so. Since the mathematics of psychohistory does not allow this, the Deviations should not have vanished and, even more so, should not have remained absent. You see, then, what I meant when I said earlier that the flaw in the Seldon Plan was its flawlessness.The First Speaker said, Either the Seldon Plan does possess Deviations, then, or there is something wrong in your mathematics. Since I must admit that the Seldon Plan has not shown Deviations in a century and more, it follows that there is something wrong with your mathematics except that I detected no fallacies or missteps.You do wrong, said Gendibal, to force out a third alternative. It is quite possible for the Seldon Plan to possess no Deviations and yet for the re to be nothing wrong in my mathematics when it predicts that to be impossible.I fail to see the third alternative.Suppose the Seldon Plan is being controlled by means of a psychohistorical method so good that the reactions of small groups of people even perhaps of individual persons can be predicted, a method that we of the Second Foundation do not possess. Then, and only then, my mathematics would predict that the Seldon Plan should indeed experience no Deviations?For a while (by Second Foundation standards) the First Speaker made no response. He said, There is no such advanced psychohistorical method that is known to me or, I am certain from your manner, to you. If you and I know of none, the chance that any other Speaker, or any group of Speakers, has developed such a micropsychohistory if I may call it that and has kept it secret from the rest of the Table is infinitesimally small. Dont you agree?I agree.Then either your analysis is wrong or else micropsychohistory is in the hands of some group outside the Second Foundation.Exactly, First Speaker, the latter alternative must be correct.Can you demonstrate the truth of such a statement?I cannot, in any formal way but consider. Has there not already been a person who could affect the Seldon Plan by dealing with individual people?I presume you are referring to the Mule.Yes, certainly.The Mule could only disrupt. The problem here is that the Seldon Plan is working too well, considerably closer to perfection than your mathematics would allow. You would need an Anti-Mule someone who is as capable of overriding the Plan as the Mule was, but who acts for the opposite motive overriding not to disrupt but to perfect.Exactly, First Speaker. I wish I had thought of that expression. What was the Mule? A mutant. But where did he come from? How did he come to be? no one really knows. Might there not be more?Apparently not. The one thing that is best known about the Mule is that he was sterile. Hence his name. O r do you think that is a fabrication?I am not referring to descendants of the Mule. Might it not be that the Mule was an aberrant member of what is or has now become a sizable group of people with Mulish powers who for some reason of their own are not disrupting the Seldon Plan but supporting it?Why in the Galaxy should they support it?Why do we support it? We plan a Second Empire in which we or, rather, our intellectual descendants will be the decision makers. If, some other group is supporting the Plan even more efficiently than we are, they cannot be planning to leave the decision making to us. They will make the decisions but to what end? Ought we not try to find out what kind of a Second Empire they are move us into?And how do you propose to find out?Well, why has the Mayor of Terminus exiled Golan Trevize? By doing so, she allows a possibly dangerous person to move freely about the Galaxy. That she does it out of motives of humanity, I cannot believe. Historically th e rulers of the First Foundation have always acted realistically, which means, usually, without regard for morality. One of their heroes Salvor Hardin counseled against morality, in fact. No, I think the Mayor acted under compulsion from agents of the Anti-Mules, to use your phrase. I think Trevize has been recruited by them and I think he is the spearhead of danger to us. pestilential danger.And the First Speaker said, By Seldon, you may be right. But how will we ever convince the Table of this?First Speaker, you underestimate your eminence.

Social control, discipline and regulation

M each more than serious abuses such as large scale tax evasion which costs the g everywherenment a lot of money, atomic number 18 often overlooked and are seldom prosecuted. oer prison term some uprightnesss which are no longer relevant are disseminated and other effects become criminals. These change with innovative governments and societal and culture changes. In 1967 the Sexual Offences Act was introduced which made it illegal in Britain for men of any age to eat consensual sex together. Over time federation has come to accept risible relationships and so in turn the integrity surrounding gay couples has also relaxed.In 2005 civil partnerships were introduced to give gay couples same rights to married couples and the current government Is looking at making gay marriages legal. If pervert behavior confabulatems to seemly more common, such as population carrying weapons then new legislations are put in channelise or existing legislations are updated and more hars h penalties are put in place to deter criminals and reduce crimes and visitation. Travis Hirsh (1969) through his brotherly bond formation tries to explain why some people dont tear crime. He argues the motility Why do they do it? Is not a question the checker theory is signed to answer.The crucial question he says is Why dont we do it? 1. Hirsh identified four main characteristics or social bonds which explain conformity. The more a psyche features these characteristics the less(prenominal) likely they are to become deviant or criminal. Attachment to family and friends he seen as the most Important factor In his social bond theory, this influence hold ups our norms, values and conscience. If we did not dish out about how we were perceived by our family and friends then we would be free to act deviant. Commitment to achievement Is another actor, this refers to how much effort, time and money a person puts into a special activity.A person such as a doctor who has spent a lot of time, effort and money on educating themselves is less likely to become deviant because a criminal eternalize could result in them losing their job. Involvement in conventional activities leaves a person with less time to think about or get bear on in deviant activities. Belief refers to the strength of our burdenment to a particular belief. There are variations in our beliefs the less a person call backs he should follow the looms the more likely he is to elate them. A comment of Hirers work would be to ask why people commit crime.This assumes that law abiding behavior is natural and that the majority of people do not commit crimes. In some sub cultures deviant behavior is the norm, children born(p) Into this kind of culture and grow up breaking the law because It Is normal to them. Walsh does not explain this kind of behavior. When crimes are committed the judicial establishment uses different forms of penalty or social command. This is used to law. Harsh forms o f social control are imprison housement or even death in some countries. A softer form of social control is things like fines and lodge service.In Michel mental facultys book, Discipline and Punishment, he looks at the birth of the prison and how the penal schema has changed from. In the 17th pennyury the forms of punishment were brutal creation tortures, humiliations, hangings and executions which centre on hurting the physical bole. This triggered many riots in sympathy and support for the convict the public were against these cruel methods of punishment which were also inconsistent. clevernesss believes this form of punishment was to show the power of the state instead than to act as deterrence.Prisons were freshman introduced in the 18th century as a result of the public protests for punishment without torture. Prisons focused punishment on the souls and minds of prisoners as the mind was straightaway seen as more valu fitted and the body was seen as Just a machine con trolled by the mind. This new form of make up and punishment was able to control and manage the prisoner at all times rather than short bursts of bodily torture which was previously used. The prison became more than a place where offenders were deprived and became a place where discipline could be instilled.Faculty cut this as abuse of power, its main purpose would have been, an attempt to domesticize the criminal in the hope that upon his release he would be less likely to refined and become a contributing member of fiat. Faculty believes that detention causes recidivism and states, those leaving prison have more chance of leaving back to it a very senior high proportion, up to 38 per cent of inmates were convicted again 2. If prisons worked then they would be empty. Jeremy Beneath a utilitarian philosopher was raise in the design of prisons. He designed a circular prison which he called the Pontific.It had a central tower so prison officers had a 360 view and could see into all of the cells at all times. The inmates could not see into the central tower and so never knew if they were being watched. The exact pattern was never built but it did have some impact on how future prisons were designed. Faculty said that constant lapse and forced discipline broke the will of the criminal and made him into a docile body which is easily controlled by people in authority. This was then ideal for the new economics, politics and warfare of modern industrial society.It enslaves us to a vivification of government controlled discipline. Critiques of Faculty have focused mainly on his ideas of attempt for self-freedom from the disciplines of society, believing that people should be unique individuals and be their true self. He does not explain this in depth nor does he explain how it fits in with society. Edward W Said states other critics of Faculty argue he did not go in depth when explaining the struggle between individuality and society. Faculty did not give a purpose for the struggle or a goal to be obtained. Why should complete individuality be the last purpose in life? For Faculty there seems to be no focal mint, but rather an endless network of relations (Ho, 1986 55). If a person were to believe Facultys idea then following any rule of society would be submitting to the discipline of society. The anti-institutional consensus of the sasss refers to a cultural endeavour that veritable in the United States and England. The baby boom children from the sasss were growing up in the sasss. The growing consciousness of a younger generation may have led to a shift in perspectives on societal wrongdoings. passage relations, womens rights and differing interpretations of the American Dream.People questioned the legitimacy of the state and started to challenge authority, this resulted in boycotts, marches, protests, sit-ins and riots. Along with medicate use and sexual liberation, criminality rocketed. The role of women as full time homemak ers in industrial society was challenged in 1963, giving way to the womens movement and influencing a second wave in feminism. The availability of birth control was the foundation of the sexual liberation. The idea of recreational sex without the threat of unwanted pregnancies changed society as it allowed men a women greater freedom outside traditional marriage.With this change in attitude, the amount of children born outside wedlock in the I-J rose from 8% in 1971 to nearly 45 % in 2007 3. This counterculture of the sasss influenced Governments to reconsideration criminal acts. There were changes in human rights and laws were put in place to tackle discrimination between men and women. From 1967 abortion became legal, and women became able to break their husbands when the Divorce Reform Act came into force in 1969. John Breathiest, an Australian criminologist recognizes that the current criminal justice system labels and astigmatisms offenders, making crime problems worse.He loo ks at the relationship between crime and social reactions in his book Crime, disconcert and Reintegration. He believes a soda pop jurist system to be more impressive than a punitive Justice system which enables offenders and victims to come together. He suggests the key to crime control is cultural shaming and making the offender disembodied spirit remorse for what he has done. Breathiest identifies two types of shaming. Disintegrative shaming is where the offender is stigmatize and excluded from society, becoming labeled along with his behavior.Reintegrating shaming is where criminal behavior is condemned rather than the offender. He is unbroken within society and is shown forgiveness through words or gestures. Breathiest argues that crime rates are higher in places where disintegrative shaming is used. His hypothesis is that in societies where there is a strong commitment to place collective interests over individual interest there are stronger incentives for people to confor m and frown crime rates. He uses the example of Japan which is highly urbanites and densely dwell we would assume that crime rates would be high.Arrest rates are high UT prosecution rates are low. Cultural factors play an important role, honor and pride within Japanese families is very important so bringing shame upon the family is a deterrent to committing crimes. These traditions date back to the Samurai Warriors who would go across upon their own swords (Hair Kari) to prevent bringing shame upon their families. Japanese parents often commit suicide when their children commit serious crimes as they cannot cope with the shame and quality partly responsible. It is hard to compare the I-J with societies such as Japan which is a more equal society and less diverse.In the I-J the Home Office gave legislative endorsement to these ideas in 1998 Crime and Disorder Act and the 1999 Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act reflecting the definition of restorative Justice as restoration, reintegration and responsibility 4. All kinds of initiatives that attempt to bring the victim and the offender together now carries the label restorative. Rock (1990) described the restorative system as a dead duck so it is interesting to reflect upon the plow whereby it gained its current status. Daly (2002) discusses in detail the that the current punitive Justice system to be ineffective.Prisons in England are currently close to full capacity, if they were effective they would be empty. Inmates are reportedly more likely to become recidivists and commit new crimes that they have learnt from other inmates. This causes greater problems for the Government when it comes to tackling crime. I believe that Michel Faculty is right in the sense that imprisonment, along with constant supervision and discipline is an abuse of power. John Barbiturates work on a restorative Justice system could be beneficial to some offenders, victims and more importantly society as a whole.

Pros and Cons of Obamacare

controversy always surrounds change. Healthc atomic number 18 is this kind of controversial topic where people respond to accept changes, even though changes must be made. Obamac argon details many a nonher(prenominal) changes, how they impart be made, and whom they depart affect. As with any annotation, on that point are pros and cons that exist as the news report helps many, but brand names some a small-minded worse off. Taking into account the pros that include the tokenish benefits package and blowup of Medicare coverage as well as the cons that include rising toll to presidency and a shortage of desexualizes, I would vote against the bill.Obamacare is an extensive bill that completely transforms the healthcare system. The main part of the bill is the individual formula that requires all citizens and legal immigrants to gift health care coverage. If individuals do not have health redress by 2014 thither is a pecuniary penalty. In influence to allow many Ameri plunders to obtain coverage, it outlines a major change in redress practice in that companies are no longer allowed to deny individuals health indemnification beca aim of pre-existing conditions individuals are fit to sully into health amends at anytime.Obamacare expands Medicaid for those who cannot afford health redress the expansion depart supply much than than 17 million more(prenominal) Americans with health insurance policy than before the bill. People who are employed can fulfill this health insurance requirement by enrolling in their employers plan. Health insurance must be provided by employers if the company has 10 or more employees. Small businesses ordain be subsidized so that they can afford to provide insurance.People without insurance through their employer exit be able to buy plans through health insurance exchanges, where most will qualify for subsidies, greatly reducing the premiums. Exchanges are run by the secern or non-profit organizations and re quire that all insurance companies offer certain plans that make it easier for Americans to determine the differences between companies and plans so they can choose one that is outdo for them. The cost of implementing the changes the bill puts forth will be paid for through budget cuts and taxes.Though the bill provides many individuals with the opportunity to have health insurance, taxes and budget cuts will not be enough to sustain it (MacGillis 2010, 85-92). Within Obamacare there is a minimum benefits package that outlines the benefits that I accept every American has a right to. The package allows for equality under health insurance and allows those who are less well off to be able to have access to the benefits even if their coverage is minimal.The package includes ambulatory patient services, pinch services, hospitalization, maternity and peeledborn care, mental health and substance ab social function services, prescription(prenominal) medicines, rehabilitative service s and devices, laboratory services, preventative care and wellness care, continuing disease management, and pediatric services (including vision and dental care). The federal presidential term outlines the services that must be included in the exchanges to make veritable everyone has the minimum coverage. The government also makes sure that individuals are not being taken advantage of by profit seeking insurance companies.Even though the government controls the plans there is still competition between the companies because of the other benefits that the insurance companies may offer in addition to those that are required. Without competition the insurance companies would take advantage of the consumers and charge higher prices solely to make a profit. The minimum benefits package helps all Americans not only attain divulge benefits, but also easily compare insurance plans (Whitman 2010, 32-34). Along with the minimum benefits package Obamacare addresses the fuss of spotty pr escription drug coverage comprise in Medicare. ongoingly, there is a gap in coverage when the beneficiary consumes between $2,250 and $5,100 worth of prescription drugs a year. Many people do not realize that they have fallen into this donut hole until they are required to sacrifice for the full amount of their drugs, but are unavailing to (Dorgan, 2006). The new policy will make the insurance companies pay for 75 percent of the drug expenses and leave the consumer to pay 25 percent. However, when the drug expenses tip over the catastrophic threshold of more than $5,100, then the insurance Medicare will pay for 95 percent of the drug be.The government has already started to try and button up this gap by subsidizing those who fall into the donut hole. Each year they will slowly increase the subsidy until the consumer only has to pay 25 percent. By addressing the donut hole that has occurred in the current health coverage Americans will be better off and no longer face drug exp enses that they are unable to pay (Goldstein 2010, 113-121). However, the major changes come with ample financial costs. Even with huge increases in taxes the government will not be able to pay for it. Obamacare requires all businesses to provide insurance if the business chooses not to they must pay a penalty. The quantity of the penalty is less than the cost of insurance so many businesses opt out of providing insurance plans. If employees do not receive insurance through their workplace, they must buy insurance plans on the exchanges. The plans provided on the exchanges are heavily subsidized in order to make sure that they are affordable for the average American. When more Americans buy from the exchanges the government must provide more subsidized plans, creating a huge expense for the government.Since the penalty for the businesses is so low, the government is unable to directly use that money to completely subsidize the insurance exchanges and instead must use money from th e federal fund, further increase our deficit. Moreover, another problem Obamacare faces with increasing costs is that more benefits can be added to the minimum benefits package as Congress sees fit. With the addition of more benefits the package and coverage for individuals will live more pricey and those expenses will fall directly on the government.The government will continue to add benefits making it more and more expensive to insure. Overall, the rising costs of providing more benefits and the costs of subsidizing the exchanges are far to a fault great to sustain and therefore make Obamacare implausible (United States, 2013). Another problem Obamacare faces is how all of the newly insured individuals will be able to receive care. Currently, America faces a shortage of physicians this insufficient amount of physicians is projected to exasperate as Medicare expansion almost doubles the strain of physicians with the passing of the new bill.Obamacare takes into account the need to increase the amount of doctors with changes to health-care delivery and improved prevention. However, these increases will not be enough. The U. S. will face a shortage of more than 125,000 physicians in the next 15 years however, only 27,000 new doctors are trained a year, and each year many more doctors have it off (Feldman 2011, 113). Massachusetts already has put in place a health care reform that increases the number of people insured. However, they have already discover the effect this increase in insured citizens has on the amount of doctors needed to treat the increased amount of patients.A analyze of Massachusettss physicians displayed that almost 40% of family practitioners and 56% of internists reported that they were not accepting new patients (Feldman 2011, 115). Before the implementation of this new reform, Massachusettss practitioners and internists were able to accept any new patients that were applying. This is not only a problem for primary care doctors, but also specialty doctors. Current healthcare statistics reveal that a doctor sees on average 38 patients a twenty-four hours.That is, a patient every seven minutes of an eight-hour day. This info does not even include the time doctors spend returning calls, entry data, and speaking to consultants. With the new expansion in health insurance there will not be enough time in the day for physicians to see all of their patients. The new expansion of coverage will target to patients scheduling more appointments because they no longer have to pay for them. They will schedule appointments for a common cold or simply for fitting something to do and someone to talk to.In order for Obamacare to successfully work there must be more doctors or a more good way of dealing with the increased number of patients (Feldman 2011, 113-122). The positives of Obamacare, the minimum benefits package and more prescription coverage, do not outweigh the negatives, which include rising costs and a shortage of doctors. The cons are huge factors that must be communicate in order for Obamacare to be successful. If we are unable to pay for the treatments or even to provide the proper medical professionals to treat the increase in patients, then the basic goal of the bill cannot be achieved.Overall, I believe that though Obamacare is addressing a desperate need within our society, the method by which it attempts to implement reform is not realistic, and in fact will grow more harm to society than good. Instead of implementing Obamacare, I would vote against the bill and believe that the President and Legislature should go back to the drawing mount up and figure out how to insure all citizens can have insurance without increasing our federal deficit and overwhelming our healthcare system.

Flag Desecration Amendment

Central Texas College Political round off One slacken off sacrilege Amendment Dr. Karen Waugh Jamorion Stanford 9/17/2012 fall blasphemy The Ameri elicit swag is one of the most recognizable symbols this coun set about has today. As children, we learn in school to cross our heart with our correct reach out and recite the pledge of allegiance to the United States of America, while facing the flag, a beloved symbol. As a soldier in the United States Army, I proudly wear a flag as a check of my Army Combat Uni image (ACU). It is worn by soldiers like me to instal the love of country, honor and commitment to this great solid ground.It is cherished by veterans who piddle fought for this country, and families of the fallen soldiers cherish it because it is a symbol that their loved one illogical their life for this country. With all the great things the American flag stands for in this country, where does the right to desecrate it stand? Is it indeed a form for a someone or mortals to converse their right of liberty of speech by the premiere Amendment, or an outright disrespect of a national nourish that should be protected at all costs? If so, what are those costs? rowlock desecration doesnt come as an easy choice.One would think that this would be the case, barely in reality the decision is precisely non a simple. The decision by Congress on whether to protect the flag from desecration is non that cut and dry. Many views must be interpreted into affection when delving into this issue. On one side you have the supporters whose arguments include, that burning the flag dishonors American who fought and died for this country, the 49 states that have called for Congress to pass the Amendment, and the forcefulness dramatizen form Congress to protect the flag by the Supreme Court in 1989, was wrong and needs correcting.The opponents arguments suggest that passing such(prenominal)(prenominal) an Amendment would alter our nations history for the first time, that there is non enough to confirm making such a change to a big farewell of the First Amendment, and that flag burning is rare. The next thing to do is cast all the different point of views. When an image of the flag being profane is shown, many of us whether you served in the military or non, cant help but feel disrespected. This holds true for supporters of the Flag Desecration Amendments.For Americans who fought and calm fight for this country, an act of desecrating the flag is a slap in the expect to the service they provide and the sacrifices they have made while serving. The flag is a national treasure not just a cloth with colour and stripes. It is symbol that stands for independence and unites this country. Supports for the Flag Desecration Amendment strongly believe that such a national treasure should be upheld and backed by sex act, so much so that 49 states have called to Congress asking that the Flag Desecration Amendment be passed.The Flag Dese cration Amendment reads Congress shall have the power to prohibit the physical desecration of the flag of the United States. (How a particle Decides to Vote) The power to protect the flag is believed by supporters to have been wrongfully taken from Congress by the Supreme Court in 1989. Passing the Flag Desecration Amendment would reverse that action, and protect the sacred symbol. This amendment is about restoring a freedom to the people. The peoples freedom to protect their flag, a freedom they enjoyed and exercised for 100 years. Flag burn mark Debate and Poll) Supporters reasons of the proposed Amendment are convincing, like those of Brooke Brown, a cardinal year old, who wrote about the flag being a national treasure and that it should be protected, support even from a child are convincing, but there are always two sides to a story. Opponents of the Flag Desecration Amendment, propose reasons that make sense in not passing such an amendment and in doing so would lead to an u ltimate betrayal of the freedoms granted to us by the First Amendment.In passing the Flag Desecration Amendment, it would mean that if a person wanted to express political freedom of speech by desecrating the flag they could not. A proposed Amendment would undermine the First Amendment. As Americans we are granted many freedoms and the freedom of speech is a major one, so if congress were to say that a person could not express themselves and to have it in writing then what else would change. Opponents likewise make a point that flag burning is rare.They say that is doesnt happen every year, but when it has that it was to express political speech as the Supreme Court held in 1989. Opponents also say that once freedoms such as this be taken extraneous then whats to say what else congress will regulate and battlefield to violations. Anna Ross, form the How a Member Decides to Vote module mentions, that while it efficacy make us mad to pay heed our flag being desecrated, it is not dear(p) enough reason to weaken one of the most important principals of democracy.The module simulation was very informative the how a member decides to pick out module shows the steps that are taken by a person in congress on voting for such a change. The handle is difficult, it takes a bit of personal beliefs and also being able to be objective and have the rights of the people in mind. One must be open-minded and not be subjected by a single side. The good of all should be considered when taking a vote on a matter such as the Flag Desecration Amendment.Considering the thoughts and feeling of those for the amendment such as what it mode to Americans who serve for the symbol of the flag, the 49 states that have called for a change, and for those that think a decision needs to be corrected, while not forgetting that with a passage comes a history altering change, considering that a desecration action is not a common everyday occurrence, and that there is not enough to justify undermining the freedoms given to Americans through the First Amendment.No one likes to see the symbol of our nation, the one that unites us being hurt it is not just a piece of fabric with colors on it, but a symbol that stands for freedom. The module shows how difficult a task this can be to undertake and personal beliefs and public interest can conflict, so it goes without saying, can we protect our symbol while upholding the First Amendment? I learned that initially I was for the Flag Desecration Amendment, it must be protected, but as I considered all the views presented surprisingly, I found that I voted NAY.I thought, although I proudly wear a flag on my ACUs, the flag was not the freedom itself but a symbol. The first amendment grants freedoms and to vote for the Flag Desecration Amendment, would take a specific freedom away. Although I fight for this country, this country is not the flag itself, it is a symbol, but what it stands for is the many freedoms granted in which I believe are the bigger picture.The combination of these points as a tout ensemble need to be considered by congressmen and women when casting a vote on this difficult subject, one must take into account all points and try not let his or her own views be the only means on which to vote. Works Cited Flag Burning Debate, Political Debates and Polls Forum, kinsfolk 17, 2012, http//www. youdebate. com/DEBATES/FLAG_BURNING. HTM The Center on Congress at Indiana University and work the How a Member Votes module, September 17, 2012, http//congress. indiana. edu/interactive-learning-modules, Central Texas College Blackboard

Iconographic Representation Of Jesus Christ Essay

messiah savior, by Christian tradition is known as the lamb of God or the sacrificial lamb, so he is symbolized by a very young lamb seated on a nest of thorns. some other than this Christ is also known as the fisherman of men which relates to the biblical story of how He was able to gather great deal into His flock so that they would submit to His teachings so the ancient symbol for Christ is a simple illustration of the fish as shown in the collage. Other than this, this representation also has something to do with Christs words to Peter, when He utter, Come with me and I will make you fishers of men.This is also the reason why the Pope wears a ring known as the fishermans ring so symbolize his being the Vicar of Christ on earth. another(prenominal) symbol which represents Christ is bread, because he also said during his lifetime, I am the Bread of Life, whosoever partakes in my banquet shall have everlasting(a) life. Christ is also represented by fire, light or a flame bec ause of his pronouncement that He is the Way, the Truth, and the Light.  Another symbol used in the collage is the chi-rho symbol which was an ancient way of writing the name Jesus Christ.

Yakka Tech Pty Ltd

This facial expression tells us astir(predicate) the breeding technology service firm (Yakka considerably school Pty. Ltd. ) This firm provides I. T serve throughout Australia and New Zealand. Basically, this firm install and upgrades enterprise software systems and associate hardware on the clients sites. To provide all these work it employees 1500 people. It has customer service division that consist of four customer finish off internalitys serving clients within distributively region. Each customer service centre consists of half- dozen departments representing functional specialisations and a single department consist of more than two dozen employees.Over last five years time period Yakka techs customer service job has almost doubled. But this growth non only brought positive aspects to the gild, rather brought conf characterd negative consequences such as, change magnituded customer complaints regarding unworthy customer services, in-enthusiastic reception from the employees, remainder mingled with employees of various departments, growthd list of employees resignation. This non only increased the labour costs but it also showed deal impact in terms of productivity of the employees. receivable to these negative consequences Yakka tech distinguishable to increase the right rate and keep the employees.More over, they also offered a share of pro play off with employees if they work more than two years for the attach to. This rock-bottom the resignation of the employees, whatsoever, customers complaints did not end. Q1) What Symptom (s) in this case suggests that manything has gone upon? It is a fact that something went damage, due to which this I. T service provider was inefficient to live up through customers expectation. As the line of descent grows, it is likely that the work pressure will be more. Proper wariness is required to make work pressure less.Moreover, a proper guide of communication from the time of query has been made by the customer and rag has been issued till the time it has been solved should flow. And rather than closing the ticket and re-issuing another(prenominal) ticket to same customer with same line of work it would be efficient to make a record of customer with same ticket scrap that could be used as future wing if some complaints or queries would be used by same customer over again. Re-issuing of ticket again and again to same customer and disparate way of handeling same problem by same company would definitely make customer restless and ould cause more time. This is one of the symptoms that shows the initial mis take out of Yakka tech. Similarly, Being I. T service provider, it should nonplus had individual account of customer with their unique reference code that describes the type of system they are operation in their organisation. So that once customer give their refrence any employee with related department gets the case history of what had been done by p revious colleague and what needs to be done further more. This would make it lot easier for the employees to understand the customers problem and solve query quicker.This is the second symptom that created customer dissatisfaction and chronic time to tackle with some problem that created blockage in several(prenominal) departments that over loaded the work. Moreover, when the query had to deal with more than one department of the division it always created customer complaints. This was one of the major symptoms of customers dis satisfaction and yakka techs internal employee conflict. Since, every single employee were oblivious(predicate) of how the customer was dealt by previous employee, every single time each employee had to deal with each customer form the beginning.This would create frustration for the client. Due to work pressure and number of call waiting there was no proper communication between employees of opposite department. Yakka tech should had tried to figure out o ut possible reasons for employee resignation. In many cases wage rate is not only the reason for employees resignation. On the other hand companys first priority should be to deal with customer. Customers were not contented by the way they were served. Hence Yakka should have take a divulge step by talking with employees.Supervisor and managers to try identify what charitable of problem they are going through to serve the customer. Another symptom that shows something went wrong was, due to lack of communication between precaution and employees of different division. Where employees felt they had to do what they were employed for. Same time they had to listen to number for frustrated customers and job was becoming monotonus. At this stage there should have been some role from direction to step in have a meeting with employees make them cheer up and assure them to make some flexible way of on the job(p)(a).Due to lack of such memory access, despite the pay rate was increased the customer were still not satisfied and employees were working just for the sake of full(prenominal) payment. These were some of the symptoms that suggest something has gone wrong in Yakk tech Pty. Ltd. 2. What are the main causes of these symptoms? 2. 1 Customer complains regarding wretched tincture service. Unhappy customers are bad news for any company. each single complaint from a client is a manifestation of dissatisfaction because of poor quality service.Customer complains should be considered as a major promoter as it will serve as a feed covering fire of the company IT systems infrastructure(managing customer complains). Yakka Techs customer service business has doubled over the past five years yet the counsel was not focused towards the existing complains process and how it should be handled. Customer complains of Yakka Tech need to be defined and clarify the companys policies to break procedures in order to satisfy their clients. The clients requirements need to be synchronized with the companys resources is one of the important element in complaint handling.The complains should be addressed at the earliest and in a fair approach rather than having a defensive manner of dealing the problems. Developing a structured customer complaint management keep prevent this problem. 2. 2 High employee flexure over The number of employee resignation in YakkaTech satisfy centers has risen above industry average until eighteen months ago. It resulted in increase in labour cost due to recruiting and cookery of new technical staff and caused low productivity of new staves.There should be good relationship between employee satisfaction, employee turnover and customer satisfaction(better employees). Employee turnover will be high in a company if the work environment is not up to the standard, which is exactly what happened in YakkaTech and that resulted in negative effects between the relationship of the company and its customers. The management needs to understand the reasons for high employee turn over and need to take necessary steps to overcome it. overturn productivity of employees can be quashd if the employee turnover is lesser as new employees are the main reason for lower productivity.Some of the reasons for high employee turnover are poor management, low employee compensation and not considering employees quality of life. 2. 3 Poor customer service training. according to the result of an employee reexamine as well as informal comments since then many of the YakkaTech employees state that they find their job monotonous and have the filings for disconnection from the work they do. This has resulted in failure on customer service skills and behaviors which cause in increase in responsibilities performed by a customer service staff.So the training that company gives to the new employees should emphasize to gain patience when dealing with customers problems and fine-looking real effort to solve it. YakkaTech should design the training programme to execute the predetermined objectives goals and needs of the organization. Improved communication skills, retention of customers, problem firmness of purpose capabilities focus on customer satisfaction and maximum and effective use of the resource available. 2. 4 Conflicts. There have been few complaints about the current conflicts with people in other departments and the stress of serving dissatisfied customers.The reasons for conflicts in YakkaTech may be because departments have different objectives and if their members cant find car park values and goals they cannot cooperate which fail to coordinate team action effectively. Changes take place constantly in an organization and these changes can generate emotions and employees can more easily adopt to change if they are well prepared, include and supported. Task interdependence may be another important conflict in the firm that is conflict between individuals or groups that are aquiline on one anothe r.Lack of proper communication between different divisions can cause conflict. The management can develop different approaches that fit employees personalities and responsibilities. Some of the conflict management skills that YakkaTech can adopt are, getting feedback from employees about the different operations of the department, assessing the source of the conflict and different conflict management styles. 2. 5 Lack of team motivation. YakkaTechs executive team decided to raise pay raise for its customer service staff to beget among the highest in the industry.They assumed that high rate would improve morale and reduce turn over and reducing hiring costs and improving productivity. Increased pay rates failed to improve morals but it did reduce employee turn over in the firm. It clearly shows that there is lack of motivation by the management to maintain effective team work and employee retention. Interesting work, appreciation, pay, good working conditions, and job security are i mportant factors in helping to motivate. (http//www. bpir. com/employee-motivation/menu-id-71/implementation. html). action and personal life of an employee should be given importance in the company.

Mccafe Analysis Essay

McCafe was introduced to the McDonalds business model at a m when the fast forage constancy, and eat out as a whole, was on a downslide. Consumers were trying to cut back and save money dining out was an easy expressive style to do that.McCafe is a full-service hot chocolate bar, created as an extension of a up-to-the-minute McDonalds counter, or as a stand-alone restaurant. The concept is positioned to consumers that fall in the working adult category, who enjoy coffee, and was state to be a direct competition to Starbucks. In terms of the par of McCafe to the overall McDonalds vision and mission, the two fell in a parallel line. How would McCafe mirror the McDonalds vision? First, by delivering the end intersection to the client in a timely manner coffee machines were made to sack espresso, lattes, and cappuccinos with the touch of a button, in around 22 seconds or less. McCafe coffee creation didnt require a well-trained barista, just as a good Big Mac didnt require a c hef bottom the grill.The McDonalds mission states that they want to be our customers favorite place and way to eat. Their planetary markets, regardless of whether they focus on burgers or coffee, is to center on cardinal basics of an exceptional customer experience people, intersections, place, price, and promotion also cognise as the Plan to Win strategy. The McCafe model resonates the same way as the original McDonalds concept.In aligning the McCafe strategy with the Business Strategy Diamond, the future(a) aspects of McCafe fulfill the strategyArenas Where leave behind McCafe be active? McCafe locations will be active as a full service coffee bar, all in a standalone facility, or as an extension of a current McDonalds restaurant. Vehicles How will we get there? McCafe specialty coffees would ideally be introduced by current McDonalds franchisees interested in a way to diversify their product line and increase sales. However, new franchise owners with a desire to give st andalone McCafes or new McDonalds restaurants with the McCafe feature could start new ventures. Differentiators How will we reach? McCafes offer not only specialty and brewed coffees, but cookies and pastries as well. Anotherbenefit? By being a part of a current McDonalds restaurant, patrons could get not only specialty coffee, but their loyal yogurt parfaits or Egg McMuffins. Pricing would be set akin to or less than their competitors (ie. Starbucks). Staging and Pacing What will be our pelt along and sequence of moves? McCafe counters could be added to existing McDonalds stores in as little as 4 days the equipment took up minimal counter space and renovations would simply disrupt their current operations. Economic Logic How will we obtain our returns? McDonalds will turn a profit by banking on its history of achievement the speed of its products, and its convenience, at a good price. They will be diversifying their product line and targeting a market that was dominated in the US by two prime retailers Starbucks and Dunkin Donuts. McCafe prices are in line with Dunkin Donuts, but with to a greater extent options in the food area, while their prices come in below Starbucks, with convertible quality. McCafe SWOT AnalysisStrengthsWeaknessesOpportunitiesThreatsStrong global presence (through McDonalds Corp)Saturated industry (coffee/food)Multiple ownerships (other restaurants) = success in growth strategies Increasingly competitive amongst fast food marketsEase of introductionIncreasing price competitionCountries available for retail pentration (Europe, Latin America)Links to obesity =negative press, high calorie coffees and snacks contributing factors Strong rattling estate locationsDifferentiation combining food with coffee cafe laid-back visibilityMcCafe is a great new venture for McDonalds a alliance with a wealth of history, but a need to differentiate itself from its competitors care Burger King, Taco Bell, Wendys, etc. McCafe will give McDona lds a great way to increase profits and move forward in the restaurant industry. surplus Sourceshttp//www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/our_company/mcd_faq/student_research.html?DC

Chinese and Greek Mythology

The Diverging Commonalities of Creation myths Long ago, people wanted to acquire a better(p) understanding of the set forthning of the universe which ultimately resulted in the establishment of religions, beliefs and some pertinent, knowledgeableness myths. Mythology provides explanations for the initiations mysteries especially in regards to the creation of priming coat, Humans and the surroundings.This comparative split analyzes the similarities and differences amidst a classic myth entitled, The Beginning of Things, and a Chinese myth named, Heaven and Earth and Man, contrasted in the aspects of conflict, solutions, heroic action, and the education of the send-off kind-hearteds. Conflicts arise for different concerns but later the betrothals cease, peace is restored because of supernatural intervention, the world advances and progresses to prevent future misfortune. Firstly, if peace is kept in the heavens of Greece accordingly on that point provide be less desp air on Earth.The battle of authority results in a punishment system creation implement to confine cruel people and prevent rebellions. In ancient Greece in that location was a constant power struggle for the gods because of the underlying fear that their children would supercede them in the chain of command. The text supports the argument of development and enhancement afterwards unreasonable decisions argon made by the deities If any of them breaks the oath, for one stratum he lies breathless, and cannot partake of sweet nectar and ambrosia after that stratum he is cut off from the meeting of the gods for nine years more, and accordingly only may he come back and join their company. Rouse, 3) During the demolition of the battles, evil is unleashed and causes chaos in the land. The justice system, which is created in result to Cronuses rebellion, is of the essence(p) for any society to continue successfully. There is heroic involvement in both myths, with genus Zeus in pa rticular in Ancient Greece. Zeus defeated his commence and saved his brothers and sisters after being swallowed and trapped in his stomach. Cronuses awful deed deserves punishment which results in Zeus creating the Underworld and a standard of the amount of time spent punished.In fact, the Chinese story likewise includes a quarrel, different in rationale but improvement after the disagreement is a prevalent theme in both. Subsequently, in respectfulness to the Chinese myth, after the war between go off and water, the pillar was destruct Nu-Kua repaired the gaps in the sky by supporting the sky with additional blocks. The literary productions provides evidence to confirm this line of reasoning Block by block, she piece the holes in the sky. Lastly, she killed a giant turtle, and cut off its powerful legs to act upon pillars between which the sky is firmly held over the Earth, never again to fall. Birch, 7) later on chaos returns for the second time, when the elements fight a gainst each other, involvement from spirits resolves the crisis and mitigates detriment from manhood. The irrational and aggressive clash between fire and water causes ravaging but also provides reasoning for the position of the oceans and world geography. Apart from the similarities, there be many discrepancies circulating around the topic of conflict. In the Greek myth, conflicts originate from the desire to establish power and authority by rebelling. First, Cronus rebelled against his father Uranus and Zeus against Cronus followed.The competition is caused because children inherit their parents position and both gods prevent this from occurrence by swallowing or imprisoning them. On the contrary, the Chinese dispute is against the elements fire and water. In Chinese mythology, fire is masculine and symbolizes strength, aggression, impulsiveness. Water is considered feminine and symbolizes fluidity, downward postcode but has the potential to be noisy. The conflict is probably caused because the elements are opposites and of course enemies. This clash of the elements is a result of senseless hostility and not a fight for control.The difference in culture is what causes the significant differences in myths. Evidently, in Greek mythology acquiring status and supremacy is valued whereas there isnt a sense of hierarchy but instead teamwork in China. accord to the Asian myth, the spirits all work together towards a special K goal which is to enhance and protect the Earth. Another obvious commonality in relation to either conflict is the presence of a supreme being which triggers and assists the chain of events which form the World. The Greek mythology had many different supreme beings which were credi tworthy for various forces on Earth.The Chinese version, only included two of import beings, one which was the result of the environment and the other was the creator of the human race. proportional mythology also requires examining the distinction between the ideas of how both cultures though the Earth was created. An reference of how diverse the culture and beliefs of people is demonstrated in the topic of the defining of Human beings and the surrounding eco-system. The creation of humankind, wildlife and geographic landscapes varies with the idea of the Greek Gods sculpting intimately(prenominal) organisms hemselves whereas the Chinese believe PanKus body transforms into the environment. The aspect of creation and the environment is portrayed very differently in both legends. The turn of events of dissimilarities outweighs the number corresponding ideas surrounding the mystery of the beginning of the Universe and our existence. In ancient Greece, after a period of chaos and disagreement between the deities a clever titian named Prometheus establishes the stolon human and provides luminosity and warmth in a world, swallowed by darkness after the sun sets.Prometheus sculpts animals and strokingally, the first human out of cl ay and began to memorise them how to stand up including hunting and making fire Prometheus was very much pleased with his new pet. He used to dupe men hunting for food and living in caves and holes, like ants or badgers. He determined to educate men as well as he could. (Rouse, 2) After rebelling by taking responsibility for the Earth underneath the heavens, Prometheus entertains himself by making models out of clay. Accidently, he creates human and spent most of his time teaching humans how to continue to exist.Prometheus sculpts humans by accident whereas NuKua from the Chinese myth wants to produce beings that will aid to cure her only(a) state. To contrast, in the Chinese myth, the weather conditions, mountains, rivers and vegetation are all created by PanKus body. Additionally, after humans are created by NuKua, they are taught many vital skills in addition to simply the ability to survive Who in his life PanKu had brought shape to the universe, by his death gave his body to rag it rich and beautiful to the Earth he gave his body (Birch, 6).In the Chinese story, the environment is not created by a specific spirit but instead transforms from a god into the surrounding nature and landscape. A further semblance against the Greek tale is the little explanation about how the land and plants are created except for the separation of sky and ground which reveals an already existing ecosystem. Moreover, the humans in the Chinese myth are taught how to communicate, reproduce and to live in peace. The humans in ancient Greece are never taught skills beyond survival. Finally, there is an evident variation for the reasons to assemble humans.NuKua intends to create a creature that will provide her relief from isolation meanwhile Prometheus is only amusing himself and the first human emerges entirely unintentionally. Nevertheless, both fairy-tales dupe a couple of resembling principles. To begin with, humans are formed and educated by the deities. The first huma ns were taught to hunt, gather food, and construct shelter to avoid perishing as a species. The main(prenominal)(prenominal) objective is to aid humans to continue to populate and the justification in both fables was that supernatural intervention maintained the evolution of such a powerful species.Magical clay was used in both myths as the main material in the production of creatures and human beings. The motive for why these two parables are so similar is to emphasize how there is an external mould which assisted the formation of humans because it is difficult to believe that simple resources could have conceived such complex living, breathing creatures. Additionally, as a society in the present day, education is a requirement and essential for the genetic doggedness of the human race, peace and maintenance of the Earths resources.By the means of education can ones potential be used to upper limit extent. It is natural for the authors of these short fictitious stories to assum e the heros and goddesses teach humans because then there will be no fundament to carry on the sharing of lessons and information. In conclusion, it is in the nature of humans to wonder about the unknown and search for answers. At the foundation of closely every culture is a creation myth which explains how the wonderful mysteries of the Earth came to be.Despite geographical barriers, many cultures have developed creation myths with the same radical elements and structure. However, there are many cultural and societal influences which cause variations in the beliefs and alter the overall creation myth from region to region. Apart from the profound similarities, the Greek and Chinese ideologies deviated in certain aspects of the myth because their values and morals as separate countries have impacted, adapted and evolved differently in response to world events.